1. Beginning, Structure, and Molecular Design
1.1 Natural Resource and Biochemical Profile
(Animal Protein Frothing Agent)
Animal protein-based foaming representatives are derived mostly from hydrolyzed keratin or collagen sourced from slaughterhouse by-products such as unguis, horns, bones, and hides.
Through regulated alkaline or chemical hydrolysis, these structural healthy proteins are damaged down right into amphiphilic polypeptides rich in amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which possess both hydrophilic (– NH TWO,– COOH) and hydrophobic (aliphatic side chains) practical teams.
This dual affinity allows the molecules to adsorb effectively at air– water interfaces throughout mechanical oygenation, lowering surface stress and maintaining bubble development– a vital requirement for generating consistent cellular concrete.
Unlike synthetic surfactants, animal protein frothing representatives are biodegradable, non-toxic, and exhibit outstanding compatibility with Portland cement systems because of their ionic nature and modest pH buffering capability.
The molecular weight circulation of the hydrolysate– typically between 500 and 10,000 Da– directly affects foam stability, drain price, and bubble size, making procedure control during hydrolysis necessary for regular efficiency.
1.2 Foam Generation Mechanism and Microstructure Control
When watered down with water (generally at ratios of 1:20 to 1:30) and introduced right into a foam generator, the healthy protein remedy creates a viscoelastic film around entrained air bubbles under high-shear problems.
This movie resists coalescence and Ostwald ripening– the diffusion-driven development of bigger bubbles at the cost of smaller ones– by developing a mechanically durable interfacial layer strengthened through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
The resulting foam exhibits high growth ratios (generally 15– 25:1) and reduced drain prices (
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